Drone Pilot Practice Exam

What is the impact of maneuvering a UAS in directions other than straight and level flight on its load factor?

1. The load factor decreases

2. The load factor may increase

3. The load factor remains constant

4. The load factor is irrelevant to maneuvers

The correct answer is: The load factor may increase

When maneuvering a Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) in directions other than straight and level flight, such as during turns, climbs, or descents, the load factor may increase. The load factor is defined as the ratio of the lift produced by the aircraft to the weight of the aircraft. In a straight and level flight, the load factor is typically 1, meaning that the lift equals the weight of the aircraft. However, during maneuvers like turns or climbs, the UAS must generate additional lift to counteract the effects of gravity and any changes in direction. This results in an increased load factor, as the UAS experiences forces greater than its weight. In a turn, for example, the UAS experiences centrifugal force, which requires more lift to maintain altitude. Similarly, during a climb, the UAS must produce more lift than its weight to ascend. Therefore, the load factor can exceed 1, indicating that the UAS is subject to greater aerodynamic forces during those maneuvers compared to straight flight. Understanding these dynamics is essential for safe and effective flight operations, as exceeding the structural limitations of the UAS can lead to potential failure.